The Rise of Professional Sumo
As Japan entered the Edo period (1603-1868) under the stable rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, sumo transitioned from a primarily martial practice to a popular spectator sport. Professional sumo organizations began to emerge, and the basic rules and rituals we see today were established. Sumo wrestlers gained celebrity status, and tournaments became regular events, drawing large crowds. The sport continued to evolve, developing its unique rituals and a formalized ranking system. By the Meiji era (1868-1912) and into the modern age, sumo was officially recognized as a "national sport" (kokugi), solidifying its place as a cornerstone of Japanese cultural identity. It continues to captivate audiences worldwide, preserving its ancient traditions while adapting to contemporary times.